How Ping and Trace route work
Trace Route Process A . Traceroute sends out 3 ICMP echo packets to the named host, but with a TTL of 1; then with a TTL of 2; then with a TTL of 3 and so on. Traceroute will then get 'TTL expired in transit' message back from routers until the desination host computer finally is reached and it responds with the standard ICMP 'echo reply' packet. Please note that TTL increment happens till destination is reachable or TTL reaches its maximum value. Trace route is mainly used in troubleshooting of the networks Possible ICMP error messages in trace route : H :- Host unreachable. The router has no route to the target system. N :- Network unreachable. P :- Protocol unreachable. S :- Source route failed. You tried to use source routing, but the router is configured to block source-routed packets. F :- Fragmentation needed. This indicates that the router is misconfigured. X :- Communication administrative...